American Car and Foundry Company
| Formerly | ACF Industries, Inc. |
|---|---|
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Manufacturing |
| Founded | 1815 (Partial) 1899 (As American Car And Foundry Company |
| Headquarters | St. Charles, Missouri, U.S. |
Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Locomotives High-speed trains Intercity and commuter trains Trams People movers Signalling systems |
| Owner | Carl Icahn[citation needed] |
38°47′06″N 90°28′51″W / 38.7848658°N 90.4808884°W
ACF Industries, originally the American Car and Foundry Company (abbreviated as ACF), is an American manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. One of its subsidiaries was once (1925–54) a manufacturer of motor coaches and trolley coaches under the brand names of (first) ACF and (later) ACF-Brill. Today, the company is known as ACF Industries LLC and is based in St. Charles, Missouri.[1] It is owned by investor Carl Icahn.[citation needed]
History
[edit]The American Car and Foundry Company was originally formed and incorporated in New Jersey in 1899 as a result of the merger of thirteen smaller railroad car manufacturers. The company was made up of:
Later in 1899, ACF acquired the Bloomsburg Car Manufacturing Company of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Orders for new freight cars were made very quickly, with several hundred cars ordered in the first year alone.[3] Two years later, ACF acquired the Jackson and Sharp Company (founded 1863 in Wilmington, Delaware) and the Common Sense Bolster Company (of Chicago, Illinois). The unified company made a large investment in the former Jackson & Woodin plant in Pennsylvania, spending about $3 million. It was at this plant that ACF built the first all-steel passenger car in the world in 1904. The car was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit system of New York City, the first of 300 such cars ordered by that system.
In 1903, the company was operating overseas in Trafford Park, Manchester, England, and it was featured on a Triumphal Arch built for the Royal Visit of Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1903. The factory buildings were later used by Ford cars, which began manufacturing at Trafford Park in 1911.
1904 and 1905 saw ACF build several motor cars and trailers for the London Underground.[4] In those two years, ACF also acquired the Southern Car and Foundry (founded 1899 in Memphis, Tennessee), Indianapolis Car and Foundry, and Indianapolis Car Company.
In 1916, William H. Woodin, formerly president of Jackson and Woodin Manufacturing Company, was promoted to become president of ACF.[5] Woodin would later become Secretary of the Treasury under U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt.
During World War I, ACF produced artillery gun mounts and ammunition, submarine chasers and other boats, railway cars, and other equipment to support the Allies.[4] ACF ranked 36th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts.[6]
Timeline
[edit]- 1899: American Car and Foundry (ACF) is formed from the merger of 13 smaller companies
- 1899: ACF acquires Bloomsburg Car Manufacturing Company
- 1901: ACF acquires Jackson and Sharp Company and Common Sense Bolster Company
- 1904: ACF builds the first all-steel passenger car in the world for the Interborough Rapid Transit
- 1904: ACF acquires Southern Car and Foundry of Memphis, Tennessee
- 1905: ACF acquires Indianapolis Car and Foundry and Indianapolis Car Company
- 1922: ACF diversifies into the automotive industry with the acquisition of Carter Carburetor Corporation[4]
- March 31, 1924: ACF acquires Pacific Car and Foundry from William Pigott
- October 31, 1925: ACF forms "American Car and Foundry Securities Corporation" (A wholly owned subsidiary holding company) for the purpose of acquiring Fageol Motors Company of Ohio and Hall-Scott Motor Car Company[4] Fageol Motors Company of California was included but was not approved by the shareholders.[7]
- 1926: ACF acquires J. G. Brill Company[4]
- 1926: ACF acquires American Motor Body Corporation[8]
- 1927: ACF acquires Shippers Car Line[4]
- 1934: Paul Pigott reinstates a controlling interest of Pacific Car and Foundry
- 1935: ACF builds lightweight Rebel streamline trains for the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad
- 1939: ACF's Berwick plant switches to construction of military tanks.
- 1940: Brill is fully merged into ACF.[9]
- August 2, 1941: ACF's 1,000th military tank is completed for the United States military effort of World War II
- 1954: The company officially changes its name to ACF Industries, Incorporated.[4]
- 1954: ACF purchases Engineering and Research Corporation.[10]
- 1954–1955: ACF delivers 35 "Astra Dome" dome cars to the Union Pacific Railroad.
- January 1961: ACF delivers its last passenger car, (NYCT IRT R28.[11][12] IRT car), Berwick plant closed, sold, to later re-open as Berwick Forge & Fabricating Corporation.
- 1977: Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) came up with the idea of the first double-stack intermodal car in 1977.[13] SP then designed the first car with ACF Industries that same year.[14][15]
- 1984: ACF is purchased by Carl Icahn.
- 1994: Spin-off company American Railcar Industries (ARI) is founded.[16]
- 1997: ACF reaches a leasing agreement with GE Capital Railcar for 35,000 of its 46,000 railcars, mostly on 16-year leases with optional purchase agreements.[17][18]
- 2003: ACF Industries LLC became a successor to ACF Industries, Incorporated on May 1, 2003.[4]
- 2016: The ACF-300 stub sill design used by both ACF and ARI is investigated for non-conforming welds by the Federal Railroad Administration due to a series of tank car failures.[19]
- 2018: ARI is sold from the Icahn group.[20]
- 2019: Production at the ACF Milton, Pennsylvania plant ceases.
- 2019: ARI's manufacturing plants are purchased by the The Greenbrier Companies.[21] The remaining railcar leasing and management business is rebranded as American Industrial Transport (AITX) the following year.[22]
Products
[edit]
In the past, ACF built passenger and freight cars, including covered hopper cars for hauling such cargo as corn and other grains. One of the largest customers was the Union Pacific Railroad, whose armour-yellow carbon-steel lightweight passenger rolling stock was mostly built by ACF. The famous dome-observation car "Native Son" was an ACF product.
Another important ACF railroad production were the passenger cars of the Missouri River "Eagle", a Missouri Pacific streamliner put in service in March 1940. This train, in its original shape, consisted of six cars including one baggage, one baggage-mail, two coaches one food and beverage car and finally the observation lounge-parlor car. All the passenger equipment was styled by industrial designer Raymond Loewy.
Today, the U.S. passenger car market is erratic in production and is mostly handled by specialty manufacturers and foreign corporations.[citation needed] Competitors Budd, Pullman-Standard, Rohr Industries, and the St. Louis Car Company have all either left the market or gone out of business.
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The manufacturing facility in Milton, Pennsylvania, was served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and is capable of manufacturing railcars and all related railcar components.[citation needed] The plant was capable of producing pressure vessels in sizes 18,000–61,000 gwc, including propane tanks, compressed gas storage, LPG storage, and all related components, including heads. The plant, covering 48 acres, provided 500,000 square feet of covered work area and seven miles of storage tracks. The plant ceased production in 2019.[23] The Huntington, West Virginia, production site ceased production in late 2009, and was demolished in 2021.[24]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ ACF Industries. "About ACF". St. Charles, MO. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ White, John H. Jr. (1993). The American Railroad Freight Car: From the Wood-Car Era to the Coming of Steel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 142. ISBN 0-8018-4404-5. OCLC 26130632.
- ^ Railroad Gazette (January 26, 1900). "New Railroad Equipment". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g h ACF Industries. "History". Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- ^ "Woodin's Business Experience is Wide". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, WI. Associated Press. February 25, 1933. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Peck, Merton J.; Scherer, Frederic M. (1962). The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis. Harvard Business School. p. 619.
- ^ Reports of the Tax Court of the United States, Volume 14. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1950. p. 267 – via Google Books.
- ^ Theobald, Mark (2004). "American Motor Body Co". Coachbuilt. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
- ^ "Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders of American Car and Foundry Motors Company". The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. December 9, 1940. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Goodwin, S. Oliver (August 26, 1956). "Saving Pilots and Planes Is Erco's Main Business: ACF Division Has 75 Pct. of Output In Simulators". The Washington Post.
- ^ "IRT SMEE delivery dates". R36 Preservation, Inc.
- ^ "R26/R28/R29". NYCSubway.org. 2005. Archived from the original on December 2, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
- ^ "Chronological History". Union Pacific Railroad Company. Archived from the original on August 10, 2006.
- ^ Kaminski, Edward S. (1999). American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 1899-1999. Wilton, California: Signature Press. ISBN 0963379100.
- ^ "A new fleet shapes up. (High-Tech Railroading)". Railway Age. September 1, 1990. Archived from the original on October 17, 2008.
- ^ "Company Overview of American Railcar Leasing LLC". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
- ^ Carey, Christopher (March 11, 1997). "ACF Leases 35,500 Railcars to Rival: GE Capital Is Given Option to Purchase". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
- ^ ACF Industries, Incorporated (March 10, 1997). "ACF Industries Enters Into Railcar Lease With GE Capital Railcar". PRNewswire (Press release). Archived from the original on December 10, 2015 – via thefreelibrary.com.
- ^ "RWD No. 2016-01 [REVISED]" (PDF). railroads.dot.gov. Federal Railroad Administration. 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ "Icahn-backed American Railcar to sell itself in $1.75 billion deal". reuters.com. Reuters. October 22, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ "Greenbrier Completes Acquisition of Manufacturing Business of American Railcar Industries". pressroom.gbrx.com. The Greenbrier Companies. July 29, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ "American Railcar Industries Rebrands as American Industrial Transport". monitordaily.com. Monitor Daily. July 23, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ Beauge, John (November 12, 2019). "ACF laying off 148 union and non-union workers at its Milton rail car plant". pennlive.com. Penn Live. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ Wadas, Natalie (November 16, 2021). "Preserving the past as ACF Industries buildings to come down in Huntington". wowktv.com. 13 News. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
External links
[edit]
- ACF Industries website
- ACF Industries Archival Collection – University of Missouri
- History of ACF trucks – Trucksplanet
- American Car and Foundry Company – World War II era photographs at the Hagley Library
- American Car and Foundry Company
- Rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
- Defunct bus manufacturers of the United States
- Defunct manufacturing companies based in Missouri
- St. Charles County, Missouri
- American companies established in 1899
- Manufacturing companies established in 1899
- Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899
- 1899 establishments in New Jersey
- Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average